| 刘江,方学智,杜孟浩,龙奇志,张向杰,陈塨,钟海雁,罗凡.酶法辅助湿法工艺优化及对油茶籽油品质影响[J].中国粮油学报,2025,40(8):98-105 |
| 酶法辅助湿法工艺优化及对油茶籽油品质影响 |
| Optimization of enzymatic-assisted wet process and its influence on the quality of Camellia oleifera seed oil |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-13 修订日期：2025-06-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 油茶籽 酶法 湿法提油 生物活性成分。 |
| 英文关键词:oil-tea camellia seed Enzymatic method wet extraction bioactive component. |
| 基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划（2023YFD2100400）；贵州省科技成果转化项目（黔科合成果[2023]一般 041） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了提高湿法提油效率，更好的保留油茶籽油中的生物活性成分，本研究将湿法提油与酶法提油结合，比较了17种酶参与湿法提油的过程并优化工艺参数，以得到的油茶籽油与油茶粕作为研究对象，研究提油方法对油脂基本组成和营养成分的影响。结果表明，所选用的17种酶均可以提高湿法的提油效果，酶处理油茶粕残油率较空白组降低了7.19%～43.12%，复合酶处理的提油效果比单一酶更好，YL果胶酶、纤维素酶与蛋白酶三酶复合比单酶处理效果最佳的酶残油率降低了27.05%；不同酶处理的湿法提油之间或者酶处理与未被酶处理实验组的生物活性成分有显著差异，其中YL果胶酶处理的湿法提油的多酚含量相对于空白组提高了16.46%；酶法辅助湿法提油最佳处理条件为YL果胶酶、纤维素酶与蛋白酶添加比例为1:1:1，温度55 ℃、酶的质量分数为3%、反应50 min，该条件下油茶粕残油率为(9.98±0.04)%，较未被酶处理的湿法提油的油茶粕残油率降低了58.50%，油中的多酚、角鲨烯、总甾醇与生育酚含量分别达到(111.42±4.86)、(92.75±0.33)、(3182.0±31.50)、(315.77±1.56) mg/kg，有效保留了油茶籽油中的营养成分。通过成本测算，酶处理成本6000元/吨，该方法加工一吨油茶籽较湿法提油可以多出126.47kg油，酶法辅助湿法提油比湿法提油可多盈利6647元/t。研究开发了一种新型提油方法，揭示了酶法辅助湿法提油的规律和优化提油参数，为油茶制油方法提供了新的思路及基础数据，促进了茶油绿色制取工艺的进一步发展。但目前该法残油率不在合理范围。后续研究以降低酶法辅助湿法提油的酶用量、缩短提取时间、降低生产成本的同时获得高的出油率为目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to improve the efficiency of wet oil extraction, better retain the bioactive components of camellia seed oil, this study combined wet oil extraction with enzymatic method, compared 17 enzymes involved in the wet oil extraction process and optimized the process parameters, and took camellia seed oil and cake as the research object to study the effects of oil extraction methods on the basic composition and nutritional composition of the oil. The results showed that all the 17 selected enzymes could improve the oil extraction efficiency, and the residual oil rate of the cake meal after enzyme treatment was reduced by 7.19% ~ 43.12% compared with the blank group. The oil extraction effect of the compound enzyme treatment was better than that of the single enzyme. The residual oil rate of the three-enzyme combination of pectinase, cellulase and protease was 27.05% lower than that of the best single enzyme treatment. There were significant differences in the bioactive components between the wet oil extraction groups treated with different enzymes or between the wet oil extraction groups treated with and without enzyme treatment. The polyphenol content of the wet oil extraction group treated with YL pectinase was increased by 16.46% compared with the blank group.The optimal treatment conditions for enzyme-assisted wet oil extraction were as follows: temperature 55 ℃, enzyme dosage 3%, reaction for 50 min, and the ratio of pectinase, cellulase and protease of YL was 1:1:1. Under this condition, the residual oil rate of camelia oleifage meal was (9.98±0.04)%, which was 58.50% lower than that of wet extraction without enzyme treatment. The contents of polyphenols, squalene, total sterols and tocopherols in oil were (111.42±4.86), (92.75±0.33), (3182.0±31.50), (315.77±1.56) mg/kg, respectively, which effectively retained the nutrients in camellia oil. According to the cost calculation, the enzyme cost of the combination of cellulase, pectinase and protease is 6000 yuan/ton, and the method can produce 126.47kg more oil than the wet oil extraction for processing one ton of camellia seeds, and the enzyme-assisted wet oil extraction can make 6647 yuan/ton more profit than the wet oil extraction.A new oil extraction method was developed, which revealed the law of enzymatic assisted wet oil extraction and optimized oil extraction parameters, provided a new idea and basic data for oil production of camellia camellia, and promoted the further development of green production technology of camellia oil. |
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