| 张梦瑶,杨向科,刘阔轩,叶佳俊,朱伟云,潘龙.高粱和玉米营养素在猪肠道不同位点的消化差异[J].中国粮油学报,2025,40(8):177-182 |
| 高粱和玉米营养素在猪肠道不同位点的消化差异 |
| Differences in the digestion of nutrients from sorghum and corn at different sites in the pig intestine |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-24 修订日期：2025-05-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 猪 高粱 缩合单宁 粪尿排放 |
| 英文关键词:pig sorghum grain condensed tannins fecal and urine emissions |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 前期研究表明高粱营养素在猪全肠道中的表观消化率显著低于玉米，但是高粱和玉米营养素在猪肠道内不同位点的消化差异并不明确，因此，本研究比较玉米、低单宁高粱和高单宁高粱营养素在猪小肠和大肠中消化率的差异。采用单因素随机试验设计，将15头（初始体重为（36.8±3.5） kg）回肠末端装有T型瘘管的健康去势公猪分为3组（n = 5），分别饲喂玉米、低单宁高粱或高单宁高粱日粮，且玉米或者高粱是提供日粮中能量和粗蛋白质的唯一来源。试验期持续14d，其中预饲期7d，粪尿收集期5d，回肠食糜采集期2d。不同处理间的猪对日粮营养素（干物质和总能）摄入量无显著差异，但是高单宁高粱处理的猪粪便中营养素（干物质和总能）排出量显著高于玉米和低单宁高粱（P<0.05），从而导致高单宁高粱营养素的猪全肠道表观消化率显著低于玉米和低单宁高粱（P<0.05）。玉米和低单宁高粱干物质和总能的回肠末端表观消化率无显著差异，但是均显著高于高单宁高粱（P<0.05）。低单宁高粱处理的猪尿能排出量显著高于玉米和高单宁高粱处理（P<0.05），但是低单宁高粱的能量利用率与玉米无显著差异，而显著高于高单宁高粱（P<0.05）。低单宁高粱处理的猪粪氮排放量显著高于玉米处理（P<0.05），而显著低于高单宁高粱处理（P<0.05）。低单宁高粱的氮素回肠末端表观消化率和氮素沉积率比玉米显著降低6.9%和11.1%（P<0.05），而显著高于高单宁高粱（P<0.05）。与玉米相比，高粱营养素的全肠道消化率低，主要是由于前肠道消化率低所导致。因此需要重点关注高粱营养素在猪前肠道的释放。尽管低单宁高粱的能量消化率和利用率近似于玉米，但是其氮素的回肠末端消化率和沉积效率却低于玉米。因此，基于营养素的肠内消化特点，低单宁高粱比高单宁高粱更适合替代玉米用作能量饲料原料，但是仍需要关注低单宁高粱的氮素在猪小肠消化率低的产业问题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Previous studies have shown that the apparent digestibility of sorghum nutrients in the whole intestine of pigs is significantly lower than that of corn, but the differences in the digestion of sorghum and corn nutrients at different sites in the intestinal tract of pigs are not clear, so the purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the digestibility of nutrients in the small intestine and large intestine of pigs. Fifteen healthy castrated boars (mean initial body weight: (36.8 ± 3.5) kg) fitted with T-fistulas at the end of the ileum were divided into three groups (n = 5). They were fed low-tannic sorghum, high-tannic sorghum or corn diets, and sorghum or corn was the only source of energy and crude protein in diets. The experiment lasted for 14 days, including 7 days of pre-feeding, 5 days of fecal and urine collection, followed by 2 days of ileal chyme collection. There was no significant difference in dietary nutrient intake (dry matter and total energy) between the different treatments, but the excretion of nutrients (dry matter and total energy) in pig manure treated with high tannin sorghum was significantly higher than that of corn and low tannin sorghum (P<0.05), resulting in a significantly lower total intestinal digestibility of pigs with high tannin sorghum nutrients than corn and low tannin sorghum (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the apparent digestibility of dry matter and total energy at the end of the ileum between corn and low-tannin sorghum, but they were significantly higher than those of high-tannin sorghum (P<0.05). The urine energy excretion of pigs in the low tannin sorghum treatment was significantly higher than that in the corn and high tannin sorghum treatments (P<0.05), but the energy efficiency of low tannin sorghum was not significantly different from that of corn, but significantly higher than that of high tannin sorghum (P<0.05). The nitrogen emissions of pig manure in the low tannin sorghum treatment were significantly higher than those in the maize treatment (P<0.05), but significantly lower than those in the high tannin sorghum treatment (P<0.05). Compared with maize, the apparent digestibility and nitrogen deposition rate of nitrogen terminal were significantly lower by 6.9% and 11.1% (P<0.05) than those of maize, but significantly higher than that of high tannin sorghum (P<0.05). The low whole gut digestibility of sorghum nutrients compared to corn is mainly due to low digestibility in the foregut. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the release of sorghum nutrients in the foregut of swine. Although the total intestinal apparent digestibility of nitrogen in low tannic sorghum was similar to that in corn, low tannic sorghum released less nitrogen in small intestine. The small intestine apparent digestibility and large intestine apparent digestibility of low tannic sorghum were higher than those of high tannic sorghum. Therefore, based on the characteristics of enteral digestion of nutrients, low-tannic sorghum is more suitable to replace corn as energy feed material than high-tannic sorghum, but attention should be paid to improving the release of nitrogen in the small intestine. |
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