| 刘建垒,张东,杨维巧,王文娟,孙辉,段晓亮.4种颜色藜麦的氨基酸组成及蛋白质营养价值的比较[J].中国粮油学报,2025,40(4):32-40 |
| 4种颜色藜麦的氨基酸组成及蛋白质营养价值的比较 |
| Comparison of Amino Acid Composition and Protein Nutritional Value of Four Colors of Quinoa |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-21 修订日期：2024-07-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 藜麦 颜色 粗蛋白 氨基酸评分 必需氨基酸指数 营养指数 生物价 蛋白质功效比 |
| 英文关键词:quinoa color crude protein amino acid score essential amino acid index nutritional index biological value protein efficiency ratio |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZX2409)，“中国好粮油”行动项目(HLY2003) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究对我国藜麦主产省的白、黑、红、灰4种颜色藜麦主要品种样品的营养价值进行系统评价。藜麦样品的平均粗蛋白质量分数为15.1 g/100 g，必需氨基酸(EAA)占总氨基酸的比例达38%以上；EAA中Leu和Lys的质量分数最高，Met的质量分数最低。对于婴儿（出生至6个月）、幼儿（6个月至3岁）和3岁以上人群而言，Met+Cys是多数藜麦样品的第一限制性氨基酸，氨基酸评分(AAS)平均值分别为32.7、41.3和48.4分；必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)平均值分别为64.4%、92.3%和108.7%，营养指数(NI)平均值分别为9.7%、13.9%和16.4%；预测生物价(P-BV)平均值分别为58.5、88.9和106.8；预测蛋白质功效比(P-PER)平均值为1.96。不同颜色藜麦差异最大的EAA为Trp和Ile。白藜麦的NI最高；黑藜麦的EAAI、P-BV、P-PER最高；红藜麦的平均蛋白质质量分数最高，但EAAI、P-BV及P-PER最低；灰藜麦虽然平均蛋白质质量分数最低，但由于第一限制性氨基酸Met+Cys质量分数较高而AAS最高。各种颜色藜麦蛋白质相对于鸡蛋和牛奶的营养价值较相对于婴儿模式的更低。藜麦对于婴儿为不适蛋白源，对幼儿为良好蛋白源，对3岁以上人群为优质蛋白源。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study systematically evaluated the protein nutritional value of quinoa in white, black, red and grey color from the main quinoa-producing province in China. The average crude protein mass fraction of quinoa samples was 15.1 g/100 g, and essential amino acids (EAA) account for more than 38% of total amino acids. The mass fraction of Leu and Lys in EAA was the highest, while the mass fraction of Met was the lowest. For infants (birth to 6 months), young children (6 months to 3 years) and people over 3 years old, Met+Cys was the first limiting amino acid in most quinoa samples, and the average amino acid scores (AAS) were 32.7, 41.3 and 48.4 respectively; the essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 64.4%, 92.3% and 108.7%, respectively; the average nutritional index (NI) were 9.7%, 13.9% and 16.4%, respectively; the average predicted biological value (P-BV) were respectively 58.5, 88.9 and 106.8; the average predicted protein efficacy ratio (P-PER) was 1.96. The EAA with the greatest differences between different colors of quinoa were Trp and Ile. White quinoa had the highest NI; black quinoa had the highest EAAI, P-BV, and P-PER; red quinoa had the highest average protein mass fraction, but the lowest EAAI, P-BV and P-PER. Although gray quinoa had the lowest average protein mass fraction, its AAS was the highest due to the higher mass fraction of the first limiting amino acid Met+Cys. The nutritional value of quinoa protein in various colors relative to eggs and milk was lower than that of infant pattern. Quinoa is an inappropriate protein source for infants, a good protein source for young children, and a high-quality protein source for people over 3 years old. |
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