| 蒋步云,柴振林,周侃侃,吴翠蓉.不同制取工艺下油茶籽与油茶籽油中重金属迁移转化关系的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2019,34(6):81-85 |
| 不同制取工艺下油茶籽与油茶籽油中重金属迁移转化关系的研究 |
| Study on the relationship between heavy metal migration and conversion between camellia seed oil and camellia seed oil under different preparation processes |
| 投稿时间：2018-08-22 修订日期：2018-11-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 油茶籽,油茶籽油,压榨法,浸提法,重金属,相关性分析 |
| 英文关键词:Tea seed,Camellia seed oil,Squeezing method,extraction method,Heavy metal,Correlation analysis |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 421 |
| 全文下载次数: 33 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】在浙江省油茶主产区抽样的185批油茶籽中随机抽取12个样品,分别对油茶籽果肉、外壳及通过压榨(热榨、冷榨)和浸提两种方式获得的油茶籽油、残渣物等进行测量并分析了六种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Se)的含量及其相关性研究,了解不同制取工艺下油茶籽与油茶籽油中重金属迁移转化关系,以期为油茶籽油的安全生产等提供更多科学依据以及在制取工艺改进上提供一些参考。【方法】通过数据分析和相关性分析结合进行相关性研究。【结果】通过研究发现,浸提油和浸提残渣中Pb含量有超过国家标准GB 2716-2005《食用植物油卫生标准》0.1mg/kg的限量,此外浸提法中各重金属含量高于压榨法,且浸提油中各重金属元素之间都有强相关性,说明浸提方法容易受到浸提剂等本身有微量重金属物质的影响,引起复合污染,后续精炼需要加以控制；Cr的含量在油茶籽肉、油茶籽壳和浸提油中,大于As含量,在浸提残渣、热榨油、热榨残渣、冷榨油以及冷榨残渣中均大于Pb、As含量,应该引起注意。但是在GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中,规定了在豆类及其制品中最低1mg/kg,因此油茶籽油中的Cr含量其安全风险不高,但仍建议可进行长期监测以避免污染危险；Se作为人体必不可少的营养元素,在油茶籽及油茶籽油中均有检出,值得进一步研究利用发掘其经济价值；Hg在热榨中含量无论是油还是残渣均高于冷榨,可能是受温度的影响较大；油茶籽肉和油茶籽壳中Pb、Cd、Cr之间均存在强相关性,说明其同源性较高或受到了复合污染,可能受土壤及周边生活垃圾污染影响较大。【结论】浸提法较压榨法更容易受到浸提剂等本身含有微量重金属物质的影响,特别是对Pb的影响极大,应引起一定重视,加强后续精炼管理；Hg元素容易受到温度的影响在热榨法中含量高于冷榨法。因此在生产环节有效地选择更加适合的制取工艺,可以减少重金属的污染,为茶油品质的提升提供思路与创新。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【objective】 in zhejiang camellia producing randomly selected sample of 185 batches of tea seed 12 samples, respectively for tea seed pulp, shell and by squeezing (hot press, cold pressed) and the leaching two ways of tea seed oil, residue content was measured and analyzed the six kinds of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Se) content and the correlation research, understand the different production process of tea seed and tea seed oil migration of heavy metals in the relationship, for the safety of the tea seed oil production etc. Provide more scientific basis and provide some reference on the production process improvement. 【methods】correlation research was conducted through data analysis and correlation analysis. 【results】 through the study found that the Pb content in the oil extraction and leaching residue, there are more than the national standard GB 2716-2005 "standard of edible vegetable oil health" 0.1 mg/kg of set limit to, in addition the heavy metal content in the extraction is higher than squeezing method, and the extraction of oil has a strong correlation between the heavy metal element, susceptible to leaching method itself has trace heavy metal material such as extraction agent and the effect of compound pollution, caused by subsequent refining needs to be controlled; The content of Cr is greater than As in camellia seed meat, camellia seed shell and extract oil, and higher than Pb and As in extract residue, hot press oil, hot press residue, cold press oil and cold press residue, which should be noted. However, in GB 2762-2017 national standard food safety pollutant limit, the minimum amount of 1mg/kg in beans and their products is stipulated, so the safety risk of Cr content in camellia seed oil is not high. As an essential nutrient element in human body, Se has been detected in camellia seed and camellia seed oil, which is worthy of further study and utilization to explore its economic value. The content of Hg in hot pressing, whether oil or residue, is higher than that in cold pressing. There is a strong correlation between Pb, Cd and Cr in camellia seed meat and camellia seed shell, indicating that it has high homology or is subject to compound pollution, which may be greatly affected by soil and surrounding household garbage pollution. 【conclusion】 leaching method is more vulnerable to the influence of leaching agent and other materials containing trace heavy metals than pressing method, especially the influence on Pb. Therefore, certain attention should be paid to it and the subsequent refining management should be strengthened. Hg element is easy to be affected by temperature and its content is higher in hot pressing than in cold pressing. Therefore, the effective selection of more suitable processing technology in the production process can reduce heavy metal pollution and provide ideas and innovations for the improvement of tea oil quality. |
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